蛋白电泳-血清

定义

This lab test measures the types of protein in the fluid (serum) part of a 血液样本. 这种液体叫做血清.

选择的名字

SPEP

如何执行测试

A 血液样本 是必要的.

In the lab, the technician places the 血液样本 on special paper 和 applies an electric current. The proteins move on the paper 和 form b和s that show the amount of each protein.

如何准备考试

You may be asked to not eat or drink for 12 hours before this test.

Certain medicines may affect the results of this test. Your health care provider will tell you if you need to stop taking any medicines. Do not stop any medicine before talking to your provider.

考试的感觉如何

When the needle is inserted to draw blood, some people feel moderate pain. 其他人只感到刺痛或刺痛. Afterward, there may be some throbbing or a slight bruise. 这很快就会消失.

为什么要进行测试

蛋白质是由 氨基酸 和 are important parts of all cells 和 tissues. There are many different kinds of proteins in the body, 和 they have many different functions. Examples of proteins include enzymes, certain hormones, 血红蛋白, low-density lipoprotein (LDL, or bad cholesterol), 和 others.

Serum proteins are classified as albumin or globulins. Albumin is the most abundant protein in the serum. 它携带许多小分子. It is also important for keeping fluid from leaking out from the blood vessels into the tissues.

Globulins are divided into alpha-1, alpha-2, beta, 和 gamma globulins. In general, alpha 和 gamma globulin protein levels increase when there is inflammation in the body.

Lipoprotein electrophoresis determines the amount of proteins made up of protein 和 fat, called lipoproteins (such as 低密度脂蛋白胆固醇).

正常的结果

正常取值范围为:

• 总蛋白:6.4 to 8.3 grams per deciliter (g/dL) or 64 to 83 grams per liter (g/L)
• 白蛋白:3.5 to 5.0 g/dL或35 ~ 50 g/L
• α -1球蛋白:0.1 to 0.3g /dL或1 ~ 3g /L
• α -2球蛋白:0.6 to 1.0 g/dL或6 ~ 10 g/L
• -球蛋白:0.7 to 1.2g /dL或7 ~ 12g /L
• 球蛋白:0.7 to 1.6克/升或7至16克/升

The examples above are common measurements for results of these tests. Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Some labs use different measurements or test different samples. Talk to your provider about the meaning of your specific results.

异常结果意味着什么

Decreased total protein may be due to:

• Abnormal loss of protein from the digestive tract or the inability of the digestive tract to absorb proteins (蛋白质损失率肠病)
• 营养不良
• 肾病叫做 肾病综合症
• Scarring of the liver 和 poor liver function (肝硬化)

Increased alpha-1 globulin proteins may be due to:

• 急性炎性疾病
• 癌症
• 慢性炎症性疾病，如 类风湿性关节炎 和 系统性红斑狼疮 (系统性红斑狼疮)

Decreased alpha-1 globulin proteins may be a sign of:

• α -1抗胰蛋白酶(AAT)缺乏

Increased alpha-2 globulin proteins may indicate:

• 急性炎症
• 慢性炎症

Decreased alpha-2 globulin proteins may indicate:

• 红血球分解(溶血)

Increased beta globulin proteins may indicate:

• A disorder in which the body has problems breaking down fats (for example, 高脂蛋白血症, 家族性高胆固醇血症)
• 雌激素治疗

Decreased beta globulin proteins may indicate:

• 异常低水平 低密度脂蛋白胆固醇
• 营养不良

Increased gamma globulin proteins may indicate:

• Blood cancers, including multiple myeloma, Waldenstrom巨球蛋白血, lymphomas, 和 chronic lymphocytic leukemias
• Monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS)
  
• 慢性 inflammatory disease (for example, 类风湿性关节炎, 和 系统性红斑狼疮)
• 急性感染
• 慢性 肝脏疾病

风险

There is little risk involved with having your blood taken. Veins 和 arteries vary in size from one person to another, 和 from one side of the body to the other. Taking blood from some people may be more difficult than from others.

Other risks associated with having blood drawn are slight, but may include:

• 大出血
• 晕倒 或者感到头晕
• 多次穿刺定位静脉
  
• 血肿 (皮肤下淤血)
• Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken)

参考文献

Lu SX, Rustad EH, Usmani SZ, L和gren CO. 多发性骨髓瘤. In: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Silberstein LE, et al, eds. Hematology: Basic Principles 和 Practice. 8日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 91.

Pincus MR, Bluth MH, Br和t-Rauf PW, Bowne WB, LaDoulis C. 癌蛋白与早期肿瘤检测. 见:McPherson RA, Pincus MR，编辑. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis 和 Management by Laboratory Methods. 24日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 77.

李建平，李建平. 多发性骨髓瘤及相关疾病. In: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, eds. Abeloff临床肿瘤学. 6日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 101.

华纳EA，赫罗尔德AH. 解释实验室测试结果. 见:Rakel RE, Rakel DP，编. 家庭医学教材. 9日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016:chap 14.