常见问题:甲氨蝶呤
为什么要推荐这种药?
Methotrexate is part of a class of drugs called immunosuppressants. It suppresses the body's immune response and reduces inflammation in your lungs. Because inflammation is the precursor to fibrosis (scarring), we hope methotrexate will prevent the formation of lung fibrosis and allow the inflamed lung to return to normal.
我应该采取什么特别的预防措施呢?
服用甲氨蝶呤前:
Tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to methotrexate, any other medications or any of the inactive ingredients in methotrexate tablets. Ask your pharmacist for a list of the inactive ingredients.
Tell your doctor and pharmacist what prescription and nonprescription medications, vitamins, nutritional supplements and herbal products you are taking or plan to take. Be sure to mention those listed in the important warning section of the medication insert, 以及以下任何一项:
- Certain antibiotics such as chloramphenicol (Chloramycetin), 青霉素, 四环素(布里斯环素), Sumycin)
- 叶酸
- 类风湿关节炎药物
- 苯妥英(狄兰汀)
- 丙磺舒(丙磺舒)
- 磺胺类药物如复方新诺明(Bactrim), Septra), 磺胺嘧啶, sulfamethizole (Urobiotic), 磺胺恶唑(甘曲霉素)
- 茶碱(Theochron, Theolair)
Your doctor may need to change the doses of your medication or monitor you more carefully for side effects.
甲氨蝶呤可能导致肝损伤. Tell your doctor if you drink or have ever drunk large amounts of alcohol, 或者如果你有或者曾经有过肝脏疾病. Do not drink alcohol while you are taking methotrexate. Call your doctor immediately if you experience any of the following symptoms: nausea, 极度疲劳, 精力不足, 食欲不振, 胃右上部疼痛, 流感样症状或皮肤或眼睛发黄.
甲氨蝶呤可能导致肾脏损伤. Be sure to drink plenty of fluids during your treatment with methotrexate, especially if you exercise or are physically active. Call your doctor if you think you might be dehydrated. You may become dehydrated if you sweat excessively or if you vomit, have diarrhea or have a fever.
Methotrexate may cause a decrease in the number of blood cells made by your bone marrow. 如果有,告诉你的十大赌博平台排行榜, 或者曾经有过, a low blood count (decrease in the number of blood cells in your body), anemia (red blood cells do not bring enough oxygen to all parts of the body), 或者你的血细胞有其他问题.
Call your doctor immediately if you experience any of the following symptoms:
- 混乱
- 难以入睡或保持睡眠
- 头晕
- 过度的疲劳
- 快速的心跳
- 苍白的皮肤
- 呼吸急促(气促)
- Sore throat, chills, fever or other signs of infection
- 不寻常的瘀伤或出血
- 弱点
Methotrexate may cause a severe rash that can be life-threatening. If you develop a rash, blisters or a fever, call your doctor immediately.
甲氨蝶呤可能会损害你的肠道. 如果有,告诉你的十大赌博平台排行榜 或者曾经有过 stomach ulcers or ulcerative colitis, a condition in which part or all of the lining of the intestine is swollen or worn away. 如果你出现口腔溃疡或腹泻, stop taking methotrexate and call your doctor immediately.
如果你正在哺乳,请告诉你的十大赌博平台排行榜. You should not breast-feed during your treatment with methotrexate.
手术前, 包括牙科手术, tell the doctor or dentist that you are taking methotrexate.
Methotrexate may make your skin sensitive to real or artificial sunlight. Avoid unnecessary or prolonged exposure to sunlight and wear protective clothing, 太阳镜和防晒霜. Do not use sunlamps during your treatment with methotrexate. 如果你有牛皮癣, your sores may get worse if you expose them to sunlight while taking methotrexate.
这种药会引起什么副作用?
甲氨蝶呤可能会产生副作用. Tell your doctor if any of the following symptoms are severe or do not go away:
- Acne
- 皮肤颜色的变化
- 脱发
- 头疼
- 月经不规律
- 牙龈肿痛
有些副作用可能很严重. If you experience any of the following symptoms or any symptoms listed in the important warning section of the medication insert, 立即打电话给你的十大赌博平台排行榜:
- 尿中带血
- 视力模糊
- 胸部疼痛
- 难以移动身体的一侧或两侧
- 说话困难或口齿不清
- Fainting
- 只有一条腿疼痛或发红
- 癫痫发作
- 突然丧失视力
- 尿急或尿频
- 手臂或腿的无力或麻木
甲氨蝶呤可能会引起其他副作用. 如果有,告诉你的十大赌博平台排行榜 any unusual problems while you are taking this medication.
我需要什么样的监控?
Your doctor will order regular lab tests to check your response to methotrexate and monitor for toxicity. You will need to have your blood counts — white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets — and liver function checked regularly. Your doctor may order additional tests depending on the results.
For additional information on methotrexate, please visit 医疗在线.gov.
加州大学旧金山分校健康 medical specialists have reviewed this information. It is for educational purposes only and is not intended to replace the advice of your doctor or other health care provider. We encourage you to discuss any questions or concerns you may have with your provider.